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UD Beja NSC

Language: Beja (code: bej)
Family: Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic

This treebank has been part of Universal Dependencies since the UD v2.8 release.

The following people have contributed to making this treebank part of UD: Martine Vanhove, Rayan Ziane, Sylvain Kahane, Bruno Guillaume.

Repository: UD_Beja-NSC
Search this treebank on-line: PML-TQ
Download all treebanks: UD 2.13

License: CC BY-SA 4.0

Genre: spoken

Questions, comments? General annotation questions (either Beja-specific or cross-linguistic) can be raised in the main UD issue tracker. You can report bugs in this treebank in the treebank-specific issue tracker on Github. If you want to collaborate, please contact [martine • vanhove (æt) cnrs • fr; sylvain (æt) kahane • fr]. Development of the treebank happens outside the UD repository. If there are bugs, either the original data source or the conversion procedure must be fixed. Do not submit pull requests against the UD repository.

Annotation	Source
Lemmas	not available
UPOS	annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD
XPOS	annotated manually
Features	annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD
Relations	annotated manually in non-UD style, automatically converted to UD

Description

A Universal Dependencies corpus for Beja, North-Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic phylum mainly spoken in Sudan, Egypt and Eritrea.

The treebank is an automatic conversion of the SUD_beja-NSC, which was extracted from Martine Vanhove’s corpus in Elan format (https://corpafroas.huma-num.fr/Archives/corpus.php).

Sentences are annotated with the following metadata :

• sent_id (which indicates the source file and the segmentation identifier in the source file)
• text (lexical tokenization)
• text_en (english interpretation)
• text_tokenized (morphological tokenization)

Acknowledgments

This treebank has been done in collaboration between Vanhove Martine, Ziane Rayan and Kahane Sylvain. Thanks to Bruno Guillaume for the conversion to UD and the help to finalization.

Statistics of UD Beja NSC

POS Tags

ADJ – ADP – ADV – AUX – CCONJ – DET – INTJ – NOUN – NUM – PART – PRON – PROPN – PUNCT – SCONJ – VERB – X

Features

Aspect – Case – Definite – Deixis – ExtPos – Foreign – Gender – Mood – Number – NumType – Person – Polarity – Polite – Poss – PronType – Reflex – VerbClass – VerbType – Voice

Relations

acl – acl:relcl – advcl – advmod – amod – appos – aux – case – cc – ccomp – compound – compound:svc – cop – dep – dep:comp – dep:conj – dep:redup – det – discourse – dislocated – dislocated:det – dislocated:subj – fixed – flat:foreign – iobj – mark – nmod – nmod:poss – nsubj – nummod – nummod:det – obj – obl:arg – obl:mod – parataxis – parataxis:conj – parataxis:insert – parataxis:mod – punct – reparandum – root – vocative – xcomp

Tokenization and Word Segmentation

• This corpus contains 78 sentences, 1205 tokens and 1206 syntactic words.

• All tokens in this corpus are followed by a space.

• This corpus does not contain words with spaces.

• This corpus contains 10 types of words that contain both letters and punctuation. Examples: -a, -aːji, -iːtiːt, -tiːt, aː#, dh#, hoːb-ej, ifi#, əgəg#, ət#

• This corpus contains 1 multi-word tokens. On average, one multi-word token consists of 2.00 syntactic words.
• There are 1 types of multi-word tokens. Examples: hoːb=uːn-ej.

Morphology

Tags

• This corpus uses 16 UPOS tags out of 17 possible: ADJ, ADP, ADV, AUX, CCONJ, DET, INTJ, NOUN, NUM, PART, PRON, PROPN, PUNCT, SCONJ, VERB, X
• This corpus does not use the following tags: SYM

• This corpus contains 14 word types tagged as particles (PART): =ja, ajwa, bak, baː=, han, hasara, ja, ka=, ki=, mali, na, nuːn, ontʔa, tʔa

• This corpus contains 1 lemmas tagged as pronouns (PRON): _

• This corpus contains 1 lemmas tagged as determiners (DET): _

• Out of the above, 1 lemmas occurred sometimes as PRON and sometimes as DET: _

• This corpus contains 1 lemmas tagged as auxiliaries (AUX): _

• Out of the above, 1 lemmas occurred sometimes as AUX and sometimes as VERB: _

• This corpus does not use the VerbForm feature.

Nominal Features

• Gender

• Fem
  • ADP: =iːt
  • DET: =t, ti=, t=, toː=, eːt, toːt
  • NOUN: ʃartijaː, ʔalaːma, ʔarabijaːj, biri, hawat, iːjʔaː, koːba, mindikʷijaːj, na, naː
  • SCONJ: =eːt, =jeːt, =t, ti=
  • VERB: tini, ʔabkin, sallamta, fidini, galeːlin, galeːltan, sallamamta, theː, tidi, tifidin

• Masc
  • AUX: iːkti, =wa, iːha, bʔijan, ihi, iki
  • DET: =b, i=, oː=, uː=, oːn, uːn, w=, eː=, aːn, eːn
  • NOUN: tak, jhaːm, mhiːn, biri, doːr, finʤaːn, gaw, buːn, finʤan, hanʤar
  • PRON: umbaruːk, beːn, oːn
  • SCONJ: =eːb, =jeːb, ji=, w=
  • VERB: ini, indi, iniːw, iːfi, id, idi, sallamja, eːja, ikan, iːkti

• Number

• Plur
  • ADP: =eːb
  • AUX: =a, iːktiːna, niki
  • DET: eː=, aːn, eːn, aː=, eːt
  • NOUN: halaka, hamoː, iːjʔaː, jam, kam, mittia, nda, bhalijeː, da, gaɖʔa
  • PRON: =oːn, =eː, =jeː, =uːn, hinin, =aː, =hoːn
  • SCONJ: ji=
  • VERB: eːjaːn, eːn, areːna, gʷʔana, gʷʔataːn, hiːn, idiːn, iktiːnn, iːbirin, iːfin

• Sing
  • ADP: =iːb, =iː
  • AUX: =u, iːkti, =i, =wa, aniːw, iːha, bʔijan, ihi, iki
  • DET: oː=, uː=, oːn, uːn, toː=, w=, beːn, toːt
  • PRON: =heːb, =i, =oː, ani, =hoːk, =eː, =isi, hoː, umbaruːk, =iji
  • SCONJ: =eːb, =jeːb, w=
  • VERB: ini, sallamaman, tini, indi, iniːw, iːfi, ʔabkin, adi, ani, id

• Case

• Abl
  • ADP: =iː
  • PRON: hoːj, =isi, hoːsoː

• Acc
  • DET: =b, oː=, oːn, toː=, eː=, eːn, eːt, toːt
  • PRON: =i, =eː, =heːb, =oːn, =hoːk, =oː, =jeː, =hoːn, =ji, =oːk

• Com
  • ADP: haːj

• Dat
  • PRON: hoː

• Dis
  • ADP: =ka

• Gen
  • PRON: =iji

• Loc
  • ADP: =iːb, =eːb

• Nom
  • DET: uː=, uːn, aːn, aː=, beːn
  • PRON: ani, =i, =uːn, hinin, umbaruːk, =aː, beːn, ʔani

• Definite

• Def
  • DET: i=, oː=, uː=, ti=, t=, toː=, w=, eː=, j=, aː=
  • SCONJ: w=, ti=

• Ind
  • DET: =b, =t
  • SCONJ: =t

Degree and Polarity

• Polarity

• Neg
  • PART: baː=, ki=
  • VERB: aakaj, tʔam

Verbal Features

• Aspect

• Aor
  • AUX: iːha
  • VERB: iːfi, iːkti, hiːn, imuːki, iːbirin, iːfin, tiːfi

• Imp
  • PART: ka=, ki=
  • VERB: akati, akteːn, astoːbi, ibari, iktiːnn, theː

• Perf
  • AUX: iːkti, akajeː, iki, iːktiːna, niki
  • VERB: ini, tini, ikan, adi, adif, agar, agʷoːj, ahagit, akan, akati

• Pfv
  • VERB: ini, eːjaːn, eːn, idi, aba, adi, ani, asganif, eːja, idiːn

• Mood

• Opt
  • AUX: ba=, bi=
  • VERB: aakaj, tʔam

• Voice

• Mid
  • VERB: ameːsa~sʔeː, ikan, agar, akan, akteːn, asʔa, iktiːnn, kanaː, sʔeː, tikan

Pronouns, Determiners, Quantifiers

• PronType

• Dem
  • DET: oːn, uːn, aːn, eːn, beːn, eːt, toːt
  • PRON: beːn, oːn

• Rel
  • SCONJ: =jeːb, w=, =eːb, =eːt

• NumType

• Ord
  • NUM: -a

• Poss

• Yes
  • PRON: =i, =eː, =oːn, =oː, =isi, =jeː, =uːn, =aː, =iji, =ji

• Reflex

• Yes
  • PRON: kina, nafs

• Person

• 1
  • AUX: =u, =i, =a
  • PRON: =heːb, =i, =oː, ani, =oːn, =eː, =uːn, hinin, hoː, =hoːn

• 2
  • AUX: =wa
  • PRON: =hoːk, umbaruːk, =oːk, barijoːk

• 3
  • AUX: =u
  • PRON: =eː, =oː, =isi, =jeː, =aː
  • VERB: eːja, eːn

• Polite

• Form
  • PRON: =uːn

Other Features

• Deixis
  • Prox
    • DET: oːn, uːn, aːn, eːn, eːt, toːt
    • PRON: oːn
  • Remt
    • DET: beːn
    • PRON: beːn

• ExtPos
  • ADV
    • NOUN: doːr
  • SCONJ
    • SCONJ: =eːt, =jeːt, =eːb

• Foreign
  • Yes
    • NOUN: maːl, xawaːʤa, ʔarabijaːj

• VerbClass
  • 1
    • VERB: ini, eːn, moːkeː, tini, danri, harawaː, indi, iniːw, iːfi, ʔabkin
  • 2
    • VERB: sallamaman, jʔa, jʔaː, eːjaːn, sallamja, eːja, gʷʔasaː, hamilaː, hasama, hiːreːreː

• VerbType
  • Cop
    • AUX: =u, =i, =wa, =a

Syntax

Auxiliary Verbs and Copula

• This corpus uses 1 lemmas as copulas (cop). Examples: _.

• This corpus uses 1 lemmas as auxiliaries (aux). Examples: _.

Core Arguments, Oblique Arguments and Adjuncts

Here we consider only relations between verbs (parent) and nouns or pronouns (child).

• nsubj
  • VERB--NOUN (35)
  • VERB--NOUN-ADP(_) (1)
  • VERB--PRON (2)
  • VERB--PRON-Nom (9)

• obj
  • VERB--NOUN (55)
  • VERB--PRON (27)
  • VERB--PRON-Acc (10)
  • VERB--PRON-Nom (1)

• iobj
  • VERB--PRON (1)
  • VERB--PRON-Abl (13)
  • VERB--PRON-Dat (2)

Relations Overview

• This corpus uses 15 relation subtypes: acl:relcl, compound:svc, dep:comp, dep:conj, dep:redup, dislocated:det, dislocated:subj, flat:foreign, nmod:poss, nummod:det, obl:arg, obl:mod, parataxis:conj, parataxis:insert, parataxis:mod
• The following 2 main types are not used alone, they are always subtyped: flat, obl
• The following 7 relation types are not used in this corpus at all: csubj, expl, clf, conj, list, orphan, goeswith

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