home edit page issue tracker

This page pertains to UD version 2.

UD for Tupinamba

Tokenization and Word Segmentation

Morphology

Tags

Mapping UPOS to XPOS Tupinambá

UPOS XPOS
ADV adv
INTJ intj
NOUN n
PROPN ppn
VERB v, vi, vt, vd
ADP pp
AUX aux
CCONJ cc
DET det
NUM num
PART pcl
PRON pro
SCONJ sc
PUNCT punct
SYM sym
X x

Nominal Features

kunumĩ ‘boy / boys’
kunumĩ-etá ‘boys’

Person Possessor indexes Argument indexes Portmanteau indexes Switch-reference indexes Inependent pronouns
1.SG ʃe= a- oro wi- iʃé
2.SG ne= ere-   e- ené
3   o-   o- aʔe (demonstrative)
1.PL.IN jané= ja-   jeré- jané
1.PL.EX oré= oro- opo oro- oré
2.PL pe= pe-   peje´ pe ʔẽ

Possessor indexes, as the name suggests, only index possessors. They are marked not marked with PronType, but they are marked as Poss=Yes. Argument indexes are used with verbal predicates, as also are the portmanteau indexes (see below). Switch-reference indexes are used in dependent clauses with subjects coreferential with the subjects of the main clauses. Person indexes distinguish Number(Singular or Plural). They also distinguish Clusivity in the 1st person plural.

Case Ending Example
Translative -(r)amo t-uβ-amo ‘as his father’
Locative -pe t-atá-pe ‘in the fire’
Perlative -βo kaʔa-βo ‘through the forest’
Dative -βe / -βo (with pronouns) iʃé-βo, iʃéβe ‘to me’
Rel Form(s) Example
Cont ∅ ~ r ʃe-∅-sɨ ‘I have a mother’
NCont i ~ s ~ t i-sɨ-∅ ‘his/her/its/their mother’
Abs t ~ m t-oʔo ‘his/her/their (human) flesh’
Corf o o-sɨ-∅ ‘his/her/its/their own mother’

Verbal Features

Nominalizers

Tupinambá has many nominalizers with different functions. All but

Nominalizer function Example
(e)mi- passive deverbalizer t-emi-juka ‘what is killed’.
-βaʔe relativizer o-juká-βaʔe ‘the one who kills’.
-pɨr passive deverbalizer i-juká-pɨr ‘the one who must be killed’
-sar agentive nominalizer juká-sar-a ‘the killer’.
-saβ circunstantial nominalizer juká-saβ-a ‘occasion/place/mode/instrument of killing’
-βor habitual agent juká-βor ‘one who often kills’
-(a)βo gerund juká-βo ‘killing’
-i ~ -w nominalized with fronted focalized adverbials juká-w

Syntax

aɲan
a-ɲan
1.SG-run
'I ran/run'
osepjak 
o-s-epjak
3.SG(S)-3(O)-see
He/she/it/they see her/him/it/them

Johni Maryj oi-sj-epjak

Maryj Johni oi-sj-epjak

oi-sj-epjak Johni Maryj

oi-sj-epjak Maryj Johni

Maryj oi-sj-epjak Johni

Johni oi-sj-epjak Maryj

orojuká 
oro-juká
1.2SG(O)-kill
'I/We kill(ed) you'
opojuká 
opo-juká
1.2PL(O)-kill
'I/we kill(ed) you'

Arguments (or potentially refering expressions)

Since all lexical roots in Tupinambá are predicates, their use as potentially refering expressions or arguments require aditional morphology. Compare both examples below:

nerub
ne=r-ub
2.SG=Cont-father
'I have a father'
neruβa
ne=r-ub-a
2.SG=Cont-father-Ref
'My father'

Treebanks

There is 1 Tupinamba UD treebank:


Instruction: Treebank-specific pages are generated automatically from the README file in the treebank repository and from the data in the latest release. Link to the respective *-index.html page in the treebanks folder, using the language code and the treebank code in the file name.